Introduction
::Philippines
The Philippine Islands became a
Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded
to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In
1935 the Philippines became a self-governing
commonwealth. Manuel QUEZON was elected president and
was tasked with preparing the country for independence
after a 10-year transition. In 1942 the islands fell
under Japanese occupation during World War II, and US
forces and Filipinos fought together during 1944-45 to
regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Republic of the
Philippines attained its independence. A 20-year rule by
Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a "people
power" movement in Manila ("EDSA 1")
forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as
president. Her presidency was hampered by several coup
attempts that prevented a return to full political
stability and economic development. Fidel RAMOS was
elected president in 1992. His administration was marked
by increased stability and by progress on economic
reforms. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases
on the islands. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in
1998. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria
MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in January 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy
impeachment trial on corruption charges broke down and
another "people power" movement ("EDSA
2") demanded his resignation. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was
elected to a six-year term as president in May 2004. Her
presidency was marred by several corruption allegations
but the Philippine economy was one of the few to avoid
contraction following the 2008 global financial crisis,
expanding each year of her administration. Benigno
AQUINO III was elected to a six-year term as president
in May 2010. The Philippine Government faces threats
from several groups on the US Government's Foreign
Terrorist Organization list. Manila has waged a
decades-long struggle against ethnic Moro insurgencies
in the southern Philippines, which has led to a peace
accord with the Moro National Liberation Front and
on-again/off-again peace talks with the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front. The decades-long Maoist-inspired New
Peoples' Army insurgency also operates through much of
the country.
Geography
::Philippines
Location:
|
Southeastern Asia, archipelago
between the Philippine Sea and the South China
Sea, east of Vietnam
|
|
Geographic coordinates:
|
13 00 N, 122 00 E
|
|
Map references:
|
Southeast Asia
|
|
Area:
|
total: 300,000
sq km
country
comparison to the world: 72
land: 298,170
sq km
water: 1,830
sq km
|
|
Area - comparative:
|
slightly larger than Arizona
|
|
Land boundaries:
|
0 km
|
|
Coastline:
|
36,289 km
|
|
Maritime claims:
|
territorial sea: irregular
polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as
defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also
claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea
up to 285 nm in breadth
exclusive economic zone: 200
nm
continental shelf: to
depth of exploitation
|
|
Climate:
|
Current
Weather
tropical marine; northeast
monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon
(May to October)
|
|
Terrain:
|
mostly mountains with narrow to
extensive coastal lowlands
|
|
Elevation extremes:
|
lowest point: Philippine
Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount
Apo 2,954 m
|
|
Natural resources:
|
timber, petroleum, nickel,
cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper
|
|
Land use:
|
arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 16.67%
other: 64.33%
(2005)
|
|
Irrigated land:
|
15,500 sq km (2003)
|
|
Total renewable water
resources:
|
479 cu km (1999)
|
|
Freshwater withdrawal
(domestic/industrial/agricultural):
|
total: 28.52
cu km/yr (17%/9%/74%)
per capita: 343
cu m/yr (2000)
|
|
Natural hazards:
|
astride typhoon belt, usually
affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic
storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes;
destructive earthquakes; tsunamis
volcanism: the
Philippines experience significant volcanic
activity; Taal (elev. 311 m, 1,020 ft), which has
shown recent unrest and may erupt in the near
future, has been deemed a "Decade
Volcano" by the International Association of
Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior,
worthy of study due to its explosive history and
close proximity to human populations; Mayon (elev.
2,462 m, 8,077 ft), the country's most active
volcano, erupted in 2009 forcing over 33,000 to be
evacuated; other historically active volcanoes
include Biliran, Babuyan Claro, Bulusan, Camiguin,
Camiguin de Babuyanes, Didicas, Iraya, Jolo,
Kanlaon, Makaturing, Musuan, Parker, Pinatubo and
Ragang
|
|
Environment - current issues:
|
uncontrolled deforestation
especially in watershed areas; soil erosion; air
and water pollution in major urban centers; coral
reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal
mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding
grounds
|
|
Environment - international
agreements:
|
party to: Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber
83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
|
|
Geography - note:
|
the Philippine archipelago is
made up of 7,107 islands; favorably located in
relation to many of Southeast Asia's main water
bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu
Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait
|
People
::Philippines
Population:
|
99,900,177 (July 2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 12 |
|
Age structure:
|
0-14 years: 35.2%
(male 17,606,352/female 16,911,376)
15-64 years: 60.6%
(male 29,679,327/female 29,737,919)
65 years and over: 4.1%
(male 1,744,248/female 2,297,381) (2010
est.)
|
|
Median age:
|
total: 22.7
years
male: 22.2
years
female: 23.2
years (2010 est.)
|
|
Population growth rate:
|
1.931% (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 63 |
|
Birth rate:
|
25.68 births/1,000
population (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 58 |
|
Death rate:
|
5.06 deaths/1,000
population (July 2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 184 |
|
Net migration rate:
|
-1.31 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 167 |
|
Urbanization:
|
urban population: 65%
of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 3%
annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
|
|
Sex ratio:
|
at birth: 1.05
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04
male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1
male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.76
male(s)/female
total population: 1
male(s)/female (2010 est.)
|
|
Infant mortality rate:
|
total: 19.94
deaths/1,000 live births
country
comparison to the world: 101
male: 22.49
deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.26
deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
|
|
Life expectancy at
birth:
|
total population: 71.38
years
country
comparison to the world: 132
male: 68.45
years
female: 74.45
years (2010 est.)
|
|
Total fertility rate:
|
3.23 children born/woman
(2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 54 |
|
HIV/AIDS - adult
prevalence rate:
|
less than 0.1% (2003
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 143 |
|
HIV/AIDS - people
living with HIV/AIDS:
|
8,300 (2007 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 110 |
|
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|
fewer than 200 (2007
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 120 |
|
Major infectious
diseases:
|
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne
diseases: bacterial
diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue
fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis
water contact disease: leptospirosis
(2009)
|
|
Nationality:
|
noun: Filipino(s)
adjective: Philippine
|
|
Ethnic groups:
|
Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano
13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%,
Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray
3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census)
|
|
Religions:
|
Roman Catholic 80.9%,
Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni
Kristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian
4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none
0.1% (2000 census)
|
|
Languages:
|
Filipino (official; based
on Tagalog) and English (official); eight
major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano,
Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray,
Pampango, and Pangasinan
|
|
Literacy:
|
definition: age
15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.6%
male: 92.5%
female: 92.7%
(2000 census)
|
|
School life expectancy
(primary to tertiary education):
|
total: 12
years
male: 12
years
female: 12
years (2008)
|
|
Education expenditures:
|
2.6% of GDP (2007)
country
comparison to the world: 162
Government
::Philippines
Country name:
|
conventional long
form: Republic
of the Philippines
conventional short
form: Philippines
local long form: Republika
ng Pilipinas
local short form: Pilipinas
|
|
Government type:
|
republic
|
|
Capital:
|
name: Manila
geographic
coordinates: 14
35 N, 121 00 E
time difference: UTC+8
(13 hours ahead of Washington, DC
during Standard Time)
|
|
Administrative
divisions:
|
80 provinces and
120 chartered cities
provinces: Abra,
Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur,
Aklan, Albay, Antique, Apayao, Aurora,
Basilan, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas,
Biliran, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon,
Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte,
Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Capiz,
Catanduanes, Cavite, Cebu, Compostela,
Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao
Oriental, Dinagat Islands, Eastern
Samar, Guimaras, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte,
Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Isabela, Kalinga,
Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur,
La Union, Leyte, Maguindanao,
Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro
Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis
Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain
Province, Negros Occidental, Negros
Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern
Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya,
Palawan, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon,
Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Samar,
Sarangani, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South
Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan
Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao del Norte,
Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, Tawi-Tawi,
Zambales, Zamboanga del Norte,
Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay
chartered cities: Alaminos,
Angeles, Antipolo, Bacolod, Bago,
Baguio, Bais, Balanga, Batac, Batangas,
Bayawan, Bislig, Butuan, Cabadbaran,
Cabanatuan, Cadiz, Cagayan de Oro,
Calamba, Calapan, Calbayog, Candon,
Canlaon, Cauayan, Cavite, Cebu,
Cotabato, Dagupan, Danao, Dapitan,
Davao, Digos, Dipolog, Dumaguete,
Escalante, Gapan, General Santos,
Gingoog, Himamaylan, Iligan, Iloilo,
Isabela, Iriga, Kabankalan, Kalookan,
Kidapawan, Koronadal, La Carlota,
Laoag, Lapu-Lapu, Las Pinas, Legazpi,
Ligao, Lipa, Lucena, Maasin, Makati,
Malabon, Malaybalay, Malolos,
Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Manila, Marawi,
Marikina, Masbate, Mati, Meycauayan,
Muntinlupa, Munoz, Naga, Navotas,
Olongapo, Ormoc, Oroquieta, Ozamis,
Pagadian, Palayan, Panabo, Paranaque,
Pasay, Pasig, Passi, Puerto Princesa,
Quezon, Roxas, Sagay, Samal, San
Carlos (in Negros Occidental), San
Carlos (in Pangasinan), San Fernando
(in La Union), San Fernando (in
Pampanga), San Jose, San Jose del
Monte, San Juan, San Pablo, Santa
Rosa, Santiago, Silay, Sipalay,
Sorsogon, Surigao, Tabaco, Tacloban,
Tacurong, Tagaytay, Tagbilaran, Taguig,
Tagum, Talisay (in Cebu), Talisay (in
Negros Occidental), Tanauan, Tangub,
Tanjay, Tarlac, Toledo, Tuguegarao,
Trece Martires, Urdaneta, Valencia,
Valenzuela, Victorias, Vigan,
Zamboanga (2009)
|
|
Independence:
|
12 June 1898
(independence proclaimed from Spain);
4 July 1946 (from the US)
|
|
National holiday:
|
Independence Day,
12 June (1898); note - 12 June 1898
was date of declaration of
independence from Spain; 4 July 1946
was date of independence from US
|
|
Constitution:
|
2 February 1987,
effective 11 February 1987
|
|
Legal system:
|
based on Spanish
and Anglo-American law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with
reservations
|
|
Suffrage:
|
18 years of age;
universal
|
|
Executive branch:
|
chief of state: President
Benigno AQUINO (since 30 June 2010);
Vice President Jejomar BINAY (since 30
June 2010); note - president is both
chief of state and head of government
head of government:
President
Benigno AQUINO (since 30 June 2010)
cabinet: Cabinet
appointed by the president with
consent of Commission of Appointments
(For
more information visit the World
Leaders website )
elections: president
and vice president elected on separate
tickets by popular vote for a single
six-year term; election held on 10 May
2010; Benigno AQUINO declared winner
and took office on 30 June 2010; next
election to be held in May 2016
election results: Benigno
AQUINO elected president; percent of
vote - Benigno AQUINO 42.1%, Joseph
ESTRADA 26.3%, seven others 31.6%;
Jejomar BINAY elected vice president;
percent of vote Jejomar BINAY 41.6%,
Manuel ROXAS 39.6%, six others 18.8%
|
|
Legislative
branch:
|
bicameral Congress
or Kongreso consists of the Senate or
Senado (24 seats - one-half elected
every three years; members elected at
large by popular vote to serve
six-year terms) and the House of
Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Nga
Kinatawan; the House has 287 seats
including 230 members in one tier
representing districts and 57 sectoral
party-list members in a second tier
representing special minorities
elected on the basis of one seat for
every 2% of the total vote but are
limited to three seats; a party
represented in one tier may not hold
seats in the other tier; all House
members are elected by popular vote to
serve three-year terms
note: the
constitution limits the House of
Representatives to 250 members; the
number of members allowed was
increased, however, through
legislation when in April 2009 the
Philippine Supreme Court ruled that
additional party members could sit in
the House of Representatives if they
received the required number of votes
elections: Senate
- elections last held on 10 May 2010
(next to be held in May 2013); House
of Representatives - elections last
held on 10 May 2010 (next to be held
in May 2013)
election results: Senate
- percent of vote by party - NA; seats
by party - Lakas-Kampi CMD 4, LP 4, NP
4, NPC 2, PMP 2, LDP 1, PRP 1,
independents 5; note - there are 23
rather than 24 sitting senators
because one senator was elected mayor
of Manila; House of Representatives -
percent of vote by party - Lakas-Kampi
CMD 38.4%, LP 20.3%, NPC 15.4%, NP
11.5%, independents 7.1%, others 7.3%;
seats by party - Lakas-Kampi CMD 104,
LP 45, NPC 31, NP 26, others 17,
independents 7, party-list 56
|
|
Judicial branch:
|
Supreme Court (15
justices are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the
Judicial and Bar Council and serve
until 70 years of age); Court of
Appeals; Sandigan-bayan (special court
for hearing corruption cases of
government officials)
|
|
Political
parties and leaders:
|
Laban ng
Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of
Filipino Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo
ANGARA]; Lakas ng EDSA-Christian
Muslim Democrats or Lakas-CMD [Gloria
MACAPAGAL-ARROYO]; Liberal Party or LP
[Manuel ROXAS]; Nacionalista Party or
NP [Manuel VILLAR]; Nationalist
People's Coalition or NPC [Frisco SAN
JUAN]; PDP-Laban [Aquilino PIMENTEL];
People's Reform Party [Miriam Defensor
SANTIAGO]; Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino
(Force of the Philippine Masses) or
PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]; United
Opposition or UNO [Jejomar BINAY]
|
|
Political
pressure groups and leaders:
|
ABONO [Robert
ESTRELLA]; AKBAYAN [Anna Theresia
BARAQUIEL]; An Waray [Florencio NOEL];
Anak Mindanao [Mujiv HATAMIN];
ANAKPAWIS [Rafael MARIANO]; ARC [Narciso
SANTIAGO III]; Association of
Philippine Electric Cooperatives (APEC)
[Ernesto PABLO and Edgar VALDEZ]; A
TEACHER [Mariano PIAMONTE]; Bayan Muna
[Satur OCAMPO and Teodoro CASINO,
Jr.]; Black and White Movement
[Vicente ROMANO]; BUHAY [Rene VELARDE,
Carissa COSCOLLUELLA, and William
TIENG]; BUTIL [Leonila CHAVEZ]; CIBAC
[Emmanuel Joel VILLANUEVA]; COOP-NATCO
[Jose PING-AY]; GABRIELA [Liza MAZA
and Luzviminda ILAGAN]; KABATAAN [Raymon
PALATINO]; Kilosbayan [Jovito SALONGA];
YACAP [Carol LOPEZ]
|
|
International
organization participation:
|
ADB, APEC, APT, ARF,
ASEAN, BIS, CD, CP, EAS, FAO, G-24,
G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM,
IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,
IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,
ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINUSTAH,
NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PIF
(partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL,
UNMIS, UNMIT, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO,
UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|
|
Diplomatic
representation in the US:
|
chief of mission: Ambassador
Willy C. GAA
chancery: 1600
Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington,
DC 20036
telephone: [1]
(202) 467-9300
FAX: [1]
(202) 467-9417
consulate(s)
general: Chicago,
Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York,
Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), San
Francisco, Tamuning (Guam)
|
|
Diplomatic
representation from the US:
|
chief of mission: Ambassador
Harry K. THOMAS Jr.
embassy: 1201
Roxas Boulevard, Ermita 1000, Manila
mailing address: PSC
500, FPO AP 96515-1000
telephone: [63]
(2) 301-2000
FAX: [63]
(2) 301-2399
|
|
Flag description:
|
two equal
horizontal bands of blue (top) and
red; a white equilateral triangle is
based on the hoist side; the center of
the triangle displays a yellow sun
with eight primary rays; each corner
of the triangle contains a small,
yellow, five-pointed star; blue stands
for peace and justice, red symbolizes
courage, the white equal-sided
triangle represents equality; the rays
recall the first eight provinces that
sought independence from Spain, while
the stars represent the three major
geographical divisions of the country:
Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao; the
design of the flag dates to 1897
note: in
wartime the flag is flown upside down
with the red band at the top
|
|
National anthem:
|
name: "Lupang
Hinirang" (Chosen Land)
lyrics/music: Jose
PALMA (revised by Felipe PADILLA de
Leon)/Julian FELIPE
note: music
adopted 1898, original Spanish lyrics
adopted 1899, Filipino (Tagalog)
lyrics adopted 1956; although the
original lyrics were written in
Spanish, later English and Filipino
versions were created; today, only the
Filipino version is used
Economy
::Philippines
Economy
- overview:
|
Philippine
GDP grew nearly 7% in 2010.
The economy weathered the
2008-09 global recession
better than its regional peers
due to minimal exposure to
securities issued by troubled
global financial institutions;
lower dependence on exports;
relatively resilient domestic
consumption, supported by
large remittances from four-to
five-million overseas Filipino
workers; and a growing
business process outsourcing
industry. Economic growth in
the Philippines has averaged
4.5% per year since 2001, when
former President MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
took office. Despite this
growth, poverty worsened
during the term of MACAPAGAL-ARROYO,
because of a high population
growth rate and inequitable
distribution of income.
MACAPAGAL-ARROYO averted a
fiscal crisis by pushing for
new revenue measures and,
until recently, tightening
expenditures to address the
government's yawning budget
deficit and to reduce high
debt and debt service ratios.
But the government abandoned
its 2008 balanced-budget goal
in order to help the economy
weather the global financial
and economic storm. The
economy under AQUINO faces
budget shortfalls in the near
term, but has had little
difficulty issuing debt both
locally and internationally to
finance the deficits. AQUINO's
first budget emphasizes
education and other social
spending programs, relying on
the private sector to finance
important infrastructure
projects. Weak tax collection
in recent years limits the
government's ability to
address major challenges.
|
|
GDP
(purchasing power parity):
|
$351.2
billion (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 34
$329.2
billion (2009 est.)
$325.6
billion (2008 est.)
note:
data
are in 2010 US dollars
|
|
GDP
(official exchange rate):
|
$189.1
billion (2009 est.)
|
|
GDP -
real growth rate:
|
6.7% (2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 29
1.1% (2009
est.)
3.7% (2008
est.)
|
|
GDP -
per capita (PPP):
|
$3,500
(2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 163
$3,400
(2009 est.)
$3,400
(2008 est.)
note:
data
are in 2010 US dollars
|
|
GDP -
composition by sector:
|
agriculture:
13.7%
industry: 31.7%
services: 54.6%
(2009 est.)
|
|
Labor
force:
|
38.91
million (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 15 |
|
Labor
force - by occupation:
|
agriculture:
34%
industry: 15%
services: 51%
(2009 est.)
|
|
Unemployment
rate:
|
7.5% (2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 79
7.5% (2009
est.)
|
|
Population
below poverty line:
|
32.9% (2006
est.)
|
|
Household
income or consumption by
percentage share:
|
lowest 10%:
2.4%
highest
10%: 31.2%
(2006)
|
|
Distribution
of family income - Gini index:
|
45.8 (2006)
country
comparison to the world: 37
46.6 (2003)
|
|
Investment
(gross fixed):
|
14.7% of
GDP (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 133 |
|
Budget:
|
revenues: $28.5
billion
expenditures:
$36.19
billion (2009 est.)
|
|
Public
debt:
|
55.2% of
GDP (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 43
57.3% of
GDP (2009 est.)
|
|
Inflation
rate (consumer prices):
|
4.2% (2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 125
3.2% (2009
est.)
|
|
Central
bank discount rate:
|
3.5% (31
December 2009)
country
comparison to the world: 76
6% (31
December 2008)
|
|
Commercial
bank prime lending rate:
|
8.57% (31
December 2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 106
8.75% (31
December 2008 est.)
|
|
Stock of
narrow money:
|
$30.09
billion (31 December 2010 est)
$24.06
billion (31 December 2009 est)
|
|
Stock of
broad money:
|
$91.5
billion (31 December 2010
est.)
$78.16
billion (31 December 2009
est.)
|
|
Stock of
domestic credit:
|
$95.54
billion (31 December 2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 52
$83.12
billion (31 December 2009
est.)
|
|
Market
value of publicly traded
shares:
|
$80.13
billion (31 December 2009)
country
comparison to the world: 42
$85.63
billion (31 December 2008)
$172.5
billion (31 December 2007)
|
|
Agriculture
- products:
|
sugarcane,
coconuts, rice, corn, bananas,
cassavas, pineapples, mangoes;
pork, eggs, beef; fish
|
|
Industries:
|
electronics
assembly, garments, footwear,
pharmaceuticals, chemicals,
wood products, food
processing, petroleum
refining, fishing
|
|
Industrial
production growth rate:
|
11.5% (2009
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 11 |
|
Electricity
- production:
|
56.57
billion kWh (2007 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 45 |
|
Electricity
- consumption:
|
48.96
billion kWh (2007 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 46 |
|
Electricity
- exports:
|
0 kWh (2008
est.)
|
|
Electricity
- imports:
|
0 kWh (2008
est.)
|
|
Oil -
production:
|
25,290
bbl/day (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 73 |
|
Oil -
consumption:
|
313,000
bbl/day (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 41 |
|
Oil -
exports:
|
36,720
bbl/day (2007 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 84 |
|
Oil -
imports:
|
342,200
bbl/day (2007 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 30 |
|
Oil -
proved reserves:
|
138.5
million bbl (1 January 2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 65 |
|
Natural
gas - production:
|
2.94
billion cu m (2008 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 55 |
|
Natural
gas - consumption:
|
2.94
billion cu m (2008 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 74 |
|
Natural
gas - exports:
|
0 cu m
(2008 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 142 |
|
Natural
gas - imports:
|
0 cu m
(2008 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 145 |
|
Natural
gas - proved reserves:
|
98.54
billion cu m (1 January 2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 52 |
|
Current
account balance:
|
$8.575
billion (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 24
$8.552
billion (2009 est.)
|
|
Exports:
|
$45.89
billion (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 57
$37.51
billion (2009 est.)
|
|
Exports
- commodities:
|
semiconductors
and electronic products,
transport equipment, garments,
copper products, petroleum
products, coconut oil, fruits
|
|
Exports
- partners:
|
US 17.6%,
Japan 16.2%, Netherlands 9.8%,
Hong Kong 8.6%, China 7.7%,
Germany 6.5%, Singapore 6.2%
(2009)
|
|
Imports:
|
$57.24
billion (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 44
$46.39
billion (2009 est.)
|
|
Imports
- commodities:
|
electronic
products, mineral fuels,
machinery and transport
equipment, iron and steel,
textile fabrics, grains,
chemicals, plastic
|
|
Imports
- partners:
|
Japan
12.5%, US 12%, China 8.8%,
Singapore 8.7%, South Korea
7.9% (2009)
|
|
Reserves
of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$49.74
billion (31 December 2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 22
$44.24
billion (31 December 2009
est.)
|
|
Debt -
external:
|
$61.85
billion (31 December 2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 48
$62.97
billion (31 December 2009
est.)
|
|
Stock of
direct foreign investment - at
home:
|
$24.94
billion (31 December 2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 64
$22.44
billion (31 December 2009
est.)
|
|
Stock of
direct foreign investment -
abroad:
|
$6.591
billion (31 December 2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 55
$6.191
billion (31 December 2009
est.)
|
|
Exchange
rates:
|
Philippine
pesos (PHP) per US dollar -
45.459 (2010), 47.68 (2009),
44.439 (2008), 46.148 (2007),
51.246 (2006)
|
Communications
::Philippines
Telephones
- main lines in use:
|
4.1
million (2009)
country
comparison to the world:
37 |
|
Telephones
- mobile cellular:
|
74.489
million (2009)
country
comparison to the world:
15 |
|
Telephone
system:
|
general
assessment: good
international
radiotelephone and
submarine cable
services; domestic and
interisland service
adequate
domestic:
domestic
satellite system with 11
earth stations;
mobile-cellular
communications now
dominate the industry;
combined fixed-line and
mobile-cellular
teledensity about 80
telephones per 100
persons
international:
country
code - 63; a series of
submarine cables
together provide
connectivity to Asia,
US, the Middle East, and
Europe; multiple
international gateways
(2009)
|
|
Broadcast
media:
|
multiple
national private TV and
radio networks and a
government-operated
national TV and radio
network; about 300
television stations and
more than 1,000 radio
stations; multi-channel
satellite and cable TV
systems are available
(2008)
|
|
Internet
country code:
|
.ph
|
|
Internet
hosts:
|
394,990
(2010)
country
comparison to the world:
53 |
|
Internet
users:
|
8.278
million (2009)
country
comparison to the world:
34
Transportation
::Philippines
Airports:
|
254
(2010)
country
comparison to the
world: 25 |
|
Airports
- with paved
runways:
|
total:
85
over
3,047 m: 4
2,438
to 3,047 m: 8
1,524
to 2,437 m: 29
914
to 1,523 m: 34
under
914 m: 10
(2010)
|
|
Airports
- with unpaved
runways:
|
total:
169
1,524
to 2,437 m: 4
914
to 1,523 m: 66
under
914 m: 99
(2010)
|
|
Heliports:
|
2
(2010)
|
|
Pipelines:
|
oil
107 km; refined
products 112 km
(2009)
|
|
Railways:
|
total:
897
km
country
comparison to the
world: 95
narrow
gauge: 897
km 1.067-m gauge
(492 km are in
operation) (2008)
|
|
Roadways:
|
total:
201,910
km
country
comparison to the
world: 24
paved:
21,677
km
unpaved:
180,233
km (2008)
|
|
Waterways:
|
3,219
km; (limited to
vessels with draft
less than 1.5 m)
(2011)
country
comparison to the
world: 31 |
|
Merchant
marine:
|
total:
428
country
comparison to the
world: 24
by
type: bulk
carrier 75, cargo
135, carrier 16,
chemical tanker
26, container 13,
liquefied gas 5,
passenger 7,
passenger/cargo
68, petroleum
tanker 45,
refrigerated cargo
17, roll on/roll
off 12, vehicle
carrier 9
foreign-owned:
156
(Bermuda 43, China
4, Greece 4, Japan
82, Malaysia 1,
Netherlands 18,
Singapore 1, South
Korea 1, Taiwan 1,
UAE 1)
registered
in other
countries: 7
(Cyprus 1, Panama
6) (2010)
|
|
Ports
and terminals:
|
Batangas,
Cagayan de Oro,
Cebu, Davao, Liman,
Manila
|
|
Transportation
- note:
|
the
International
Maritime Bureau
reports the
territorial and
offshore waters in
the South China
Sea as high risk
for piracy and
armed robbery
against ships;
numerous
commercial vessels
have been attacked
and hijacked both
at anchor and
while underway;
hijacked vessels
are often
disguised and
cargo diverted to
ports in East
Asia; crews have
been murdered or
cast adrift
|
|
|
Military
::Philippines
Military
branches:
|
Armed
Forces of the
Philippines (AFP):
Army, Navy
(includes Marine
Corps and Coast
Guard), Air Force
(2010)
|
|
Military
service age and
obligation:
|
18-25
years of age
(officers 21-29)
for compulsory and
voluntary military
service;
applicants must be
single male or
female Philippine
citizens (2010)
|
|
Manpower
available for
military service:
|
males
age 16-49: 25,079,262
females
age 16-49: 24,556,912
(2010 est.)
|
|
Manpower
fit for military
service:
|
males
age 16-49: 19,650,825
females
age 16-49: 21,029,243
(2010 est.)
|
|
Manpower
reaching
militarily
significant age
annually:
|
male:
1,039,679
female:
1,001,448
(2010 est.)
|
|
Military
expenditures:
|
0.9%
of GDP (2005 est.)
country
comparison to the
world: 143
|
Transnational
Issues ::Philippines
Disputes
-
international:
|
Philippines
claims
sovereignty
over
Scarborough
Reef (also
claimed by
China
together
with Taiwan)
and over
certain of
the Spratly
Islands,
known
locally as
the Kalayaan
(Freedom)
Islands,
also claimed
by China,
Malaysia,
Taiwan, and
Vietnam; the
2002
"Declaration
on the
Conduct of
Parties in
the South
China
Sea,"
has eased
tensions in
the Spratly
Islands but
falls short
of a legally
binding
"code
of
conduct"
desired by
several of
the
disputants;
in March
2005, the
national oil
companies of
China, the
Philippines,
and Vietnam
signed a
joint accord
to conduct
marine
seismic
activities
in the
Spratly
Islands;
Philippines
retains a
dormant
claim to
Malaysia's
Sabah State
in northern
Borneo based
on the
Sultanate of
Sulu's
granting the
Philippines
Government
power of
attorney to
pursue a
sovereignty
claim on his
behalf;
maritime
delimitation
negotiations
continue
with Palau
|
|
Refugees
and
internally
displaced
persons:
|
IDPs:
300,000
(fighting
between
government
troops and
MILF and Abu
Sayyaf
groups)
(2007)
|
|
Illicit
drugs:
|
domestic
methamphetamine
production
has been a
growing
problem in
recent years
despite
government
crackdowns;
major
consumer of
amphetamines;
longstanding
marijuana
producer
mainly in
rural areas
where
Manila's
control is
limited
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|